Over the last 20-30 years, severe plastic deformation (SPD) technologies have caused a significant resonance in the production of ultrafine grained and nanostructured materials. However, the growth of demand for such technologies is largely limited by the high cost of making products from such materials due to the high energy and labour intensity of their production. Therefore, this article analyzes modern technologies for the production of ultra-fine grained metals and alloys with high strength and ductility, using relatively simple and inexpensive equipment and with minimal time required for their production. The development and proliferation of continuous casting machines in the second half of the 20th century led to the development of many continuous press methods used for deformation of Long billets, among which Conform, Extrolling, Linex and combined rolling-press technologies stand out. Therefore, in the present article all combined and continuous processes currently available for the production of Long products with ultrafine grains and nanostructures will be considered. Such structures are fundamentally different from conventional materials, because they combine high strength properties with high ductility. This is relevant for applications where weight, size or special performance characteristics of the parts are important.

Comic strips have special expressive potentials among varions styles of illustration. The main subject in this article is that if it would be possible use such potentials in commercial advertisings in graphic press. In this essay which has done by descriptive – analytic method, has been tried to express that there is possibility use comic strips in publications” advertisings, because of their attractive images, they make much effects and influences on adudience”s mind. Of course publications prepare the way for such visual advertisements, because these collection of continues pictures need to more time and attention to introduce a commercial have. In advertismental comic strips, designer tries to introduce a commercial product by the visual abilities based on a story board. And of course through out the story necessary informations about product expresses.

Layered alloys and composite materials have become an increasingly popular in industrial development. The roll bonding (RB) process, as a solid phase method of bonding, has been widely used in manufacturing large layered strips. In this study, aluminum alloy (AA 5083) strips were roll bonded at warm and cold temperatures. The effects of the rolling parameters such as the amount of plastic deformation by rolling and rolling temperature that create successful bonds on the bond strength and the threshold deformation between two layer strips of AA 5083/ AA 5083 were investigated. The bond strength was evaluated by the peeling test. It was found that by increasing the rolling temperature or thickness reduction, the peel strengths of the bonds increased and successful bonds with higher strength were created. Also, the threshold thickness reduction decreased with increasing the rolling temperature. Moreover, the interfaces of laminates were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to investigate the bonding quality.

Background and Aim: Lower limb telangiectasias are commonly seen in the general population and especially in females. This disorder not only causes cosmetic problems but also can cause pain and related problems of increased venous blood pressure. These varicose veins are one of the most common causes that patients refer to dermatology clinics. Considering some complications and limitations of sclerotherapy, we decided to investigate the efficacy and safety of the Long-Pulsed Nd: YAG 1064-nm laser as an alternative method. Methods: 29 patients underwent at least three sessions of 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser treatment at intervals of 4 weeks. Before the first treatment session, after each session, and six months after the last session, photos were taken of the treatment site. Finally, clinical response and satisfaction rate with the treatment were recorded based on the score of a secondary dermatologist and the patient himself based on the improvement criteria from 0 to 4. Results: According to the dermatologist's judgment, the average satisfaction with the treatment is 3. 38 out of 4 with a standard deviation of 0. 5, and based on the patient's assessment, it is 3. 2 out of 4 with a standard deviation of 0. 71, which is equivalent to more than 76% of the effectiveness of Nd: YAG 1064 nm laser in the treatment of telangiectatic veins. The pain during laser treatment was recorded as 6. 27 with a standard deviation of 2. 64 based on The VAS Scale. Conclusion: Our experience has demonstrated that the Longpulsed 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser is an effective, reliable, safe method in the treatment of telangiectatic and reticular veins of the lower limbs with minimal side effects and complications.

Introduction: Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME) is a generalized epileptic syndrome. Age of onset is usually between 12 to 18 years. JME consists of myoclonic jerks, generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCs) and typical absence attacks. EEG shows characteristic changes in JME. Long term video-electroencephalography monitoring (VEM) is a helpful diagnostic procedure in the diagnosis of patient with unclear history or EEG findings. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the role of VEM in diagnosis of refractory epileptic patients.Materials and Methods: This study is retrospective and descriptive on patients of Epilepsy Monitoring Unit of Razavi Hospital, Mashhad, Iran between March 2011 and March 2012. Telephone interview was scheduled 6-18 months after discharge to evaluate results of VEM on the frequency of seizures, the therapeutic regimes and patients’ quality of life.Results: 24 cases with diagnosis of JME were chosen among 250 patients who were admitted with refractory epilepsy. Fourteen of them were female. The average age of patients was 24 years old and the average duration of the seizure attacks was 12.97 years. The mean frequency of GTCs was 2.76 attacks per month and after VEM and proper treatment, it decreased to 0.27 attacks per month.Conclusion: VEM is a helpful diagnostic procedure for evaluating of refractory JME epileptic patients.

This study presents the numerical analysis of triaxial drained test results on fine sand specimens reinforced with carpet strips, using the Plaxis software, Two sets of test results of plain coarse and fine sand specimens were also analyzed. This comparative study revealed the following conclusions:1) The stress-strain and volume change characteristics of plain sand specimens obtained from the laboratory tests and the numerical analyses were agreeable. The accuracy however seems to be controlled by the magnitude of confining pressure and also the size of sand particles. The numerical results of the coarse sand were much more reasonable and comparable.2) The results for the fine reinforced sand were not quite well and agreeable with the experimental values. The discrepancy was more pronounced for the volume change results, and also with the increase of fiber content or aspect ratio. It seems that the hardening soil model may not be appropriate in capturing the real behavior of fiber reinforced sand particularly with respect to the volume change characteristics.